Although some media sources are reporting that the 20th anniversary of the Internet is upon us, this isn't exactly correct. The existence of the World Wide Web was announced to the public on 6 August 1991, but the foundations of what we call the Internet were actually laid in the latter half of the nineteenth century.
The first Transatlanctic cable was laid in 1858. It was considered a failure because it only functioned for a few days. Later cables laid in 1866 proved successful and allowed immediate communication between continents. These first cables can be considered the ancestors of the Internet.
J.C.R. Licklider of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology conceived the idea of a global computer network in the early 1960s. In 1962 he was chosen to head research into computers for the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, or DARPA. The research was intended for military purposes. Lawrence Roberts, also of M.I.T., was the first person to connect computers in two different states via telephone lines. He accomplished this feat in 1965. Roberts also ended up at DARPA. The computer network created by Licklider, Roberts and others was first called ARPANET and came online in 1969 to connect the University of California at Los Angeles, the University of California at Santa Barbara, Stanford Research Institute and the University of Utah.
The ASCII alphabet was developed in 1963. 1965 saw the first desktop computer, which cost £11,055, or 18,000 U.S. dollars. Work on ARPANET continued throughout the 1970s. Intel released the first microprocessor in 1971, and Ethernet was developed in the early 1970s. The Apple II computer, the Commodore Pet and the Tandy TRS-80 were announced in 1977. The early 1980s saw computers coming into the consciousness of the general public, with Time Magazine declaring the computer "Man of the Year" in 1982. 1984 saw the introduction of the Apple Macintosh computer and the coining of the term "cyberspace." And, in 1984, Microsoft released Windows as a graphical interface to MS-DOS.
The Internet was, until the early 1990s, used only for government and informational purposes. Commercial use of the Internet began around 1992, with the first online service offered by Delphi. Delphi was quickly followed by AOL, Compuserve and Prodigy.
Because the phenomenon now known as the Internet was the result of work by so many scientists, researchers and inventors over the last nearly fifty years, it's impossible to pin down a specific date as an anniversary, but it's certainly an appropriate time to celebrate the great thinkers and dreamers who brought instantaneous global communication into being.
The first Transatlanctic cable was laid in 1858. It was considered a failure because it only functioned for a few days. Later cables laid in 1866 proved successful and allowed immediate communication between continents. These first cables can be considered the ancestors of the Internet.
J.C.R. Licklider of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology conceived the idea of a global computer network in the early 1960s. In 1962 he was chosen to head research into computers for the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, or DARPA. The research was intended for military purposes. Lawrence Roberts, also of M.I.T., was the first person to connect computers in two different states via telephone lines. He accomplished this feat in 1965. Roberts also ended up at DARPA. The computer network created by Licklider, Roberts and others was first called ARPANET and came online in 1969 to connect the University of California at Los Angeles, the University of California at Santa Barbara, Stanford Research Institute and the University of Utah.
The ASCII alphabet was developed in 1963. 1965 saw the first desktop computer, which cost £11,055, or 18,000 U.S. dollars. Work on ARPANET continued throughout the 1970s. Intel released the first microprocessor in 1971, and Ethernet was developed in the early 1970s. The Apple II computer, the Commodore Pet and the Tandy TRS-80 were announced in 1977. The early 1980s saw computers coming into the consciousness of the general public, with Time Magazine declaring the computer "Man of the Year" in 1982. 1984 saw the introduction of the Apple Macintosh computer and the coining of the term "cyberspace." And, in 1984, Microsoft released Windows as a graphical interface to MS-DOS.
The Internet was, until the early 1990s, used only for government and informational purposes. Commercial use of the Internet began around 1992, with the first online service offered by Delphi. Delphi was quickly followed by AOL, Compuserve and Prodigy.
Because the phenomenon now known as the Internet was the result of work by so many scientists, researchers and inventors over the last nearly fifty years, it's impossible to pin down a specific date as an anniversary, but it's certainly an appropriate time to celebrate the great thinkers and dreamers who brought instantaneous global communication into being.
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